tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36760666163372139392024-03-13T02:01:44.725+08:00尼古拉動物醫院Nicolas Animal Hospital尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comBlogger26125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-31699672434811931212023-02-14T10:21:00.011+08:002024-01-12T18:22:17.155+08:00犬貓健康檢查方案 - 狗狗健檢、貓咪健檢、寵物健檢<h1 style="text-align: left;"><br /></h1><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz9_gn8kPrPvttgAMsbc537-3x_-9Qg0sPKxvNpF60xtkzHgTtD-7QzjhhjKEHN9ZRYrttyEdsRx9o9PW-5FU2yokwC1qhXewg8devyp8aoswoz7toKgjqThR4MM8NBXn6wNXjZoKbPIH1NpAtuYKEaprUrBNcEmspE_6yeZpjJBUkOTIwZcxmJbI-9g/s1325/2023%E5%81%A5%E6%AA%A2%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE(%E5%BD%A9%E8%89%B2logo%E7%89%88)_%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2_1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSBxDxRGWNOgGn7btKCHqPkx3ANAO5O8avEN5PfW5Zhvwow2-U7fxykgByR3KxXwo5Z1LLPkxOBK6xO3TMbPFMAd96TsuGIttOhXOPNJV3ugQJsCsL6vMza7u6iDzajlJGpwoD6UcJC7aH-PZ_zkcSRbQRhqpVUocBnIj8R78MugHa5GfyL3Ai46iBSYX4/s2284/2024%E5%81%A5%E6%AA%A2%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE(%E5%BD%A9%E8%89%B2logo%E5%AE%98%E7%B6%B2.%E6%89%8B%E6%A9%9F%E7%89%88)_%E7%8B%97.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2284" data-original-width="2284" height="556" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSBxDxRGWNOgGn7btKCHqPkx3ANAO5O8avEN5PfW5Zhvwow2-U7fxykgByR3KxXwo5Z1LLPkxOBK6xO3TMbPFMAd96TsuGIttOhXOPNJV3ugQJsCsL6vMza7u6iDzajlJGpwoD6UcJC7aH-PZ_zkcSRbQRhqpVUocBnIj8R78MugHa5GfyL3Ai46iBSYX4/w556-h556/2024%E5%81%A5%E6%AA%A2%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE(%E5%BD%A9%E8%89%B2logo%E5%AE%98%E7%B6%B2.%E6%89%8B%E6%A9%9F%E7%89%88)_%E7%8B%97.jpg" width="556" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPnlAHGLvdsRoLDhabnR_nSDhf2KIqvD-atlDtkt3ouuYx0p0fVb2NLxBzcvhFoW5Swe0PSsTIOR6eaRY-ctBRph9HcctRFIUUS5s0oCsAx89sxt6c6tP-11D27c2nR_TO7Qh4VOsn1X6zxifprAgLHIzTQVcdfOnab-qxwMznLyBJWrftQBbYaQ9JG8ER/s2284/2024%E5%81%A5%E6%AA%A2%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE(%E5%BD%A9%E8%89%B2logo%E5%AE%98%E7%B6%B2.%E6%89%8B%E6%A9%9F%E7%89%88)_%E8%B2%93.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2284" data-original-width="2284" height="556" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPnlAHGLvdsRoLDhabnR_nSDhf2KIqvD-atlDtkt3ouuYx0p0fVb2NLxBzcvhFoW5Swe0PSsTIOR6eaRY-ctBRph9HcctRFIUUS5s0oCsAx89sxt6c6tP-11D27c2nR_TO7Qh4VOsn1X6zxifprAgLHIzTQVcdfOnab-qxwMznLyBJWrftQBbYaQ9JG8ER/w556-h556/2024%E5%81%A5%E6%AA%A2%E5%AE%8C%E6%95%B4%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE(%E5%BD%A9%E8%89%B2logo%E5%AE%98%E7%B6%B2.%E6%89%8B%E6%A9%9F%E7%89%88)_%E8%B2%93.jpg" width="556" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">▸健檢需<span style="background-color: #fcff01;">提前預約</span>,當日您的寶貝會留院約半天。</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">▸超音波檢查需<span style="background-color: #fcff01;">禁食4~6小時</span>(進階方案及完整方案)</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="text-align: center;">▸</span><span style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01;">三個月內</span>搭配<u>心臟超音波</u>及<u>洗牙手術</u>享有8折優惠!</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; text-align: center;">▸心臟超音波檢查為加選項目,需另外安排時間。</span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">▸若需要安排健檢或諮詢相關問題,請於<span style="background-color: #fcff01;">營業時間來電(02)28323386</span>,謝謝😄</span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.com台灣23.69781 120.960515-8.9765227075918652 85.804265000000015 56.372142707591863 156.116765tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-8956213839567248792022-09-05T10:45:00.000+08:002022-09-05T10:45:53.294+08:00燒燙傷<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span style="font-size: medium;">家裡小動物常遇到的燒燙傷情況除了不小心被熱湯熱水潑到以外就是美容院使用烘箱不慎造成的燙傷。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">一隻</span><span lang="EN-US">11</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">歲的英國短毛貓,在美容院因為使用烤箱不慎造成背部</span><span lang="EN-US">1-2</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">級的燒燙傷,經過</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">週的治療傷口有明顯的改善。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face="新細明體, "serif"">在發生燒燙傷的</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span face="新細明體, "serif"">小時內可以用冷水沖洗或浸泡傷口</span><span lang="EN-US">30</span><span face="新細明體, "serif"">分鐘避免創傷進一步惡化,接著必須送醫評估傷勢,主要使用體表燒燙傷範圍</span><span lang="EN-US">(TBSA)</span><span face="新細明體, "serif"">與燒燙傷分級,</span><span lang="EN-US">TBSA</span><span face="新細明體, "serif"">是用來評估傷口的範圍,燒燙傷分級則是評估嚴重程度總共有</span><span lang="EN-US">1-3</span><span face="新細明體, "serif"">級,評估的結果將會影響治療的方式。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">緊急處理之後傷口需要盡量保持無菌,每天使用消毒水沖洗清創後使用燙傷軟膏以及無菌敷料包紮傷口,如果是二級燙傷占全身表面積的</span><span lang="EN-US">15%</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">以上則需要以靜脈點滴補充散失的水份因為皮膚表皮受損無法防止體內水分蒸散。在治療傷口期間除了要持續使用抗生素預防感染以外也要注意動物的營養狀況,使用靜脈點滴或是鼻胃管補充需要的養分。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">當動物不小心燙傷時不要驚慌,沖脫泡蓋送這</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">字在動物身上也適用,盡早送醫不要錯失搶救的黃金時間。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhQKmDgQ3645uXSWdN_JKGV3IhTpkkX9oCUjBBRPQmtp3M60_brAuIajypiXyV7uy3yiFiSKZUsU_0R7wbbm8UyPXuY68f-AElPmo-LAnBYWJdLUwT1Z__RI3t8XZuCigx8-6LWWsQL6RdAVo962uDCohVCVyrr0TckB8arATi-YmRSdh13qDJM-_5fdA" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="810" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhQKmDgQ3645uXSWdN_JKGV3IhTpkkX9oCUjBBRPQmtp3M60_brAuIajypiXyV7uy3yiFiSKZUsU_0R7wbbm8UyPXuY68f-AElPmo-LAnBYWJdLUwT1Z__RI3t8XZuCigx8-6LWWsQL6RdAVo962uDCohVCVyrr0TckB8arATi-YmRSdh13qDJM-_5fdA=w223-h298" width="223" /></a><span face="新細明體, "serif"" style="clear: left; float: left; font-size: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black;">剛到院時被毛脫落</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaO0NvOI9ipXE3VsyIkrDtk7T_SVy9BkG4kaCTGmXARMTe7jwQiXyT43WOe83DZ00NmXJZ9CW8ysCqNUlJfoI4BBxmqkibH5G_oTRu9OkJ3bTTtYFcyRfDRdMyjdkpnL-jXmDXAk-YYiJhiXr7etohOsr6PckDJb61XwKImCMPGDzancPaIDDD73JNlg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="810" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaO0NvOI9ipXE3VsyIkrDtk7T_SVy9BkG4kaCTGmXARMTe7jwQiXyT43WOe83DZ00NmXJZ9CW8ysCqNUlJfoI4BBxmqkibH5G_oTRu9OkJ3bTTtYFcyRfDRdMyjdkpnL-jXmDXAk-YYiJhiXr7etohOsr6PckDJb61XwKImCMPGDzancPaIDDD73JNlg=w224-h298" width="224" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaO0NvOI9ipXE3VsyIkrDtk7T_SVy9BkG4kaCTGmXARMTe7jwQiXyT43WOe83DZ00NmXJZ9CW8ysCqNUlJfoI4BBxmqkibH5G_oTRu9OkJ3bTTtYFcyRfDRdMyjdkpnL-jXmDXAk-YYiJhiXr7etohOsr6PckDJb61XwKImCMPGDzancPaIDDD73JNlg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體, "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">經</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">週治療後傷口範圍縮小</span></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><span style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="goog_781925834"><img alt="" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="808" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEijawuZT6FhD-jjOF-F9g8fk63vZGZhE_KKS6wBzRqaYEiXsle_Q30J5b8-_bmX8O_qHl4s6a4tcKLM51CsYPCrYRnl9XF4RWXEXnVljDgvzioyF0IHp2l3v0a_TJF3Gd3keJSPFziTnKbpHcr1StK68GCO84Ykf-CRwf4JGs1qXf6gs8pUhj8OuwcYAw=w225-h299" width="225" /></a></span><span style="clear: left; float: left; font-family: 新細明體, "serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">第<span style="font-family: Calibri, "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">3</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">個月長出新皮</span></span></div><br /><br /></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaO0NvOI9ipXE3VsyIkrDtk7T_SVy9BkG4kaCTGmXARMTe7jwQiXyT43WOe83DZ00NmXJZ9CW8ysCqNUlJfoI4BBxmqkibH5G_oTRu9OkJ3bTTtYFcyRfDRdMyjdkpnL-jXmDXAk-YYiJhiXr7etohOsr6PckDJb61XwKImCMPGDzancPaIDDD73JNlg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaO0NvOI9ipXE3VsyIkrDtk7T_SVy9BkG4kaCTGmXARMTe7jwQiXyT43WOe83DZ00NmXJZ9CW8ysCqNUlJfoI4BBxmqkibH5G_oTRu9OkJ3bTTtYFcyRfDRdMyjdkpnL-jXmDXAk-YYiJhiXr7etohOsr6PckDJb61XwKImCMPGDzancPaIDDD73JNlg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div><p></p>尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-53913081963684292972022-08-30T14:50:00.001+08:002022-08-30T16:54:14.084+08:00犬貓的產前檢查<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">犬貓的懷孕天數約為</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">個月</span><span lang="EN-US">(58-63</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">天</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,要讓這些準媽媽們平安生下健康寶寶就要靠產檢的幫助。犬貓產檢除了觸診之外主要依靠</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">種工具超音波與</span><span lang="EN-US">X</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">光,目前因為檢驗血液、尿液的試劑尚未開發所以無法和人類一樣針對早期懷孕做篩檢。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">相比</span><span lang="EN-US">X</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">光,超音波可以較早診斷是否懷孕,也可以確認有無死胎以及針對胎兒的各個器官做檢查,確認是否為死胎的方式為在懷孕</span><span lang="EN-US">23-25</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">天之後檢查胎兒的心跳其跳動速率應大於</span><span lang="EN-US">180</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">次</span><span lang="EN-US">/</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">分鐘,另外如果有死胎的話胎兒會在子宮內腐敗分解並產生氣體可以被超音波發現。肝腎小腸是胎兒比較晚發育的器官可以藉由檢查這些器官確認胎兒的發育成熟度。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjFlwhhocKPGq3hPjoG7bJvkIP_UXos438LrTa0VLz1ztkugosJF2oO1lI2rQp4xnATGzpOy0DuNdqN2BGVTRkbTYbOTyqvQWXe6vID3XbkbabwKjm446r-myTOwU410ezbfpKikHcIs3ofpnfPgTJp3isJa9qvSu6POaOo9xYyVWozujiKYRC3cJlCBQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="413" data-original-width="530" height="323" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjFlwhhocKPGq3hPjoG7bJvkIP_UXos438LrTa0VLz1ztkugosJF2oO1lI2rQp4xnATGzpOy0DuNdqN2BGVTRkbTYbOTyqvQWXe6vID3XbkbabwKjm446r-myTOwU410ezbfpKikHcIs3ofpnfPgTJp3isJa9qvSu6POaOo9xYyVWozujiKYRC3cJlCBQ=w414-h323" width="414" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 上圖為懷孕約</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">60</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">天母犬胎兒胸腔超音波影像</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">A</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">為主動脈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> H</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">為心臟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> BCT</span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">為頭臂動脈幹</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">圖片取自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">ATLAS OF SMALL
ANIMAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US"><span face="Calibri, "sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face="Calibri, "sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">X</span><span face="新細明體, "serif"">光最好的使用時機是懷孕</span><span face="Calibri, "sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">45</span><span face="新細明體, "serif"">天後,雖然無法像超音波能夠早期檢查胎兒的狀態但是可用於預測分娩,在分娩的</span><span face="Calibri, "sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">23</span><span face="新細明體, "serif"">天前胎兒骨頭會開始礦化,每一部位骨骼的礦化順序不同。另外</span><span face="Calibri, "sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">X</span><span face="新細明體, "serif"">光最大的功能在於計算胎兒的數量,直接計算頭骨、脊椎骨的數目比超音波來的準確。因為</span><span face="Calibri, "sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">X</span><span face="新細明體, "serif"">光用於評估胎兒的時間點較晚且</span><span face="Calibri, "sans-serif"" lang="EN-US">X</span><span face="新細明體, "serif"">光所產生的輻射劑量很低所以也不用擔心會為胎兒帶來不良影響。</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj9EZqqWkpLx-j3OZ3qQ5G_6KgJoGaRzZg5YIt4AG567w8ZFwAfpqakG1EvjEiqzBIqBSJGWsdpp_WbsI9NZI6pUASOf-PYkposr5VElE4Y8ZfbV1A78e85M1XVBcfiKJKDIM7VoLG2jM2BAZ2SF4RRA8yYosAV0Y32nNjA7dti9LT43wJdEbptFd44XA" style="font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="567" data-original-width="372" height="409" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj9EZqqWkpLx-j3OZ3qQ5G_6KgJoGaRzZg5YIt4AG567w8ZFwAfpqakG1EvjEiqzBIqBSJGWsdpp_WbsI9NZI6pUASOf-PYkposr5VElE4Y8ZfbV1A78e85M1XVBcfiKJKDIM7VoLG2jM2BAZ2SF4RRA8yYosAV0Y32nNjA7dti9LT43wJdEbptFd44XA=w267-h409" width="267" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">上圖為</span><span face="Calibri, "sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">55</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">天懷孕母貓共有</span><span face="Calibri, "sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">4</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">隻胎兒</span></div><p></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div style="text-align: right;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">尼古拉動物醫院</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">蔡介文獸醫師</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">撰</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><span face=""新細明體","serif"" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span><p></p>尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-40101058579475612802022-08-25T13:32:00.000+08:002022-08-25T13:32:56.410+08:00犬焦蟲感染症Canine Babesiosis<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14pt;">疾病介紹</span></p>
<div style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">焦蟲感染症又稱壁蝨熱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(tick fever)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">德州熱</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(Texas fever)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">是一種由壁蝨媒介傳染的血液寄生蟲,當動物被壁蝨叮咬時焦蟲會藉由壁蝨唾液入侵宿主,在宿主紅血球內繁殖最後破壞血球釋放出更多蟲體,被感染的動物可能會終生帶原,動物康復後仍有復發的可能,焦蟲的種類多達<span lang="EN-US">100</span>種以上,在台灣北部多以小焦蟲</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Babesia
gibsoni</i>)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">較為常見</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">感染初期會有一些非特異性的症狀如發燒、食慾不振、精神下降、嘔吐、關節疼痛等,較嚴重者可能會有褐色尿液、黏膜蒼白、血小板減少、溶血性貧血、免疫抑制甚至危及生命。</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: medium;">區別診斷</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">1.</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">艾利希體</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ehrlichia</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">2.</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">萊姆病</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(Lyme disease)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">3.</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">自體免疫性溶血</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(AIHA)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">4.</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">中毒<span lang="EN-US">(</span>誤食可可鹼、洋蔥、老鼠藥<span lang="EN-US">)</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="height: 256px; margin-left: 369px; margin-top: 18px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 330px; z-index: 251661312;"><br />
</span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></p><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">診斷方法</span><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">1.血液抹片<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">2.PCR</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">聚合酶連鎖反應<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">3.血液快篩<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14pt;">治療</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14pt;">:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">以口服藥及針劑治療<span lang="EN-US">2</span>週後檢驗血液內紅血球再生狀況,口服藥繼續治療<span lang="EN-US">2</span>週後停藥<span lang="EN-US">1</span>週檢驗<span lang="EN-US">PCR</span>以及血液抹片確認體內蟲體數量,如貧血狀況嚴重則需要緊急輸血。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">預防<span lang="EN-US">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Meiryo; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Meiryo; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">壁蝨叮咬<span lang="EN-US">24~48</span>小時後感染焦蟲的機率較高,故定期使用口服或是滴劑驅蟲藥成為預防焦蟲最直接的辦法,在外散步時也可以避開較高的草叢以減少被壁蝨叮咬的機率。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipR8v-f2wjtiK-R0orA_HaGzW22QbzGMO_gxo2PS-SXsOgytJb3b4nxqjjHExgRpHs6eWZ9Shk-o24nO8zL0bOQNwL8-o_24qnIYgbghyD6NHPxKG0uRyeFvvaC6CHnD2ornTlpVRvIl73Q2gEas7PQcmgd_2oblIIVri0g34KarEijrvCOCBWom9AfQ/s598/123.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="598" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipR8v-f2wjtiK-R0orA_HaGzW22QbzGMO_gxo2PS-SXsOgytJb3b4nxqjjHExgRpHs6eWZ9Shk-o24nO8zL0bOQNwL8-o_24qnIYgbghyD6NHPxKG0uRyeFvvaC6CHnD2ornTlpVRvIl73Q2gEas7PQcmgd_2oblIIVri0g34KarEijrvCOCBWom9AfQ/w323-h243/123.png" width="323" /></a><br /></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">小焦蟲</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(<i>Babesia
gibsoni</i>)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW;">寄生於紅血球內呈戒指狀</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHKZZ9J1J84xIVX1X7HooodPnYbWIucnizAXNLN4_reM62l5DhcDPbs93ZqTFGqz6eDagYG4GI1yvFkRHn_MpqyoTK07lAQ8nlFwYtPbuK64QHh3lictV2ysTO9FQIoDpVVy6PwzIGE5SAH6tfpgj7v5b5CjgVcxJ_xxlZJLOGC3Y7Pgo6kMv_pXHRdA/s496/456.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="313" data-original-width="496" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHKZZ9J1J84xIVX1X7HooodPnYbWIucnizAXNLN4_reM62l5DhcDPbs93ZqTFGqz6eDagYG4GI1yvFkRHn_MpqyoTK07lAQ8nlFwYtPbuK64QHh3lictV2ysTO9FQIoDpVVy6PwzIGE5SAH6tfpgj7v5b5CjgVcxJ_xxlZJLOGC3Y7Pgo6kMv_pXHRdA/s320/456.jpg" width="320" /></a></div></div><br /><br /><br /><p></p><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt;">在台灣常見傳播小焦蟲的壁蝨</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Haemphysalis spp</span></i><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt;">血蜱屬</span></div><div><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: 標楷體;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> 尼古拉動物醫院 蔡介文獸醫師 撰</span></span></div><div><br /></div>尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-42620960393573438362018-10-26T15:49:00.000+08:002018-10-26T15:49:53.549+08:00貓傳染性腹膜炎<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.77; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">貓冠狀病毒<span lang="EN-US">(feline
coronavirus, FCoV)</span>依血清學及基因學特性分成兩型,第一型是最普遍存在的,第二型則是第一型貓冠狀病毒和犬冠狀病毒<span lang="EN-US">(canine coronavirus)</span>重組的結果,大部分的研究都是著重在第二型,因為第二型的病毒可以快速的在體外傳播,從前貓冠狀病毒也被分為貓腸炎型及貓傳染性腹膜炎型兩種<span lang="EN-US">biotypes</span>,但後來因為所有貓冠狀病毒都會引起全身性疾病,而這個分類就被避免使用。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">貓冠狀病毒在乾燥環境可存活七周,糞口傳播是病毒主要傳播的方式,糞便種的病毒可以透過貓砂、鞋子、手、布料等間接傳播,但一般家用清潔劑、消毒劑都可以容易的使病毒去活化;病毒很少在健康貓的唾液中發現,所以共用食盆、水碗是可以接受的;另外,雖然曾有發生過母貓在懷孕時受感染而造成垂直傳染的案例,但非常少見。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">貓冠狀病毒的感染在家貓和野貓都非常普遍,尤其在擁擠的環境容易感染,在多貓環境常常全部的貓血清檢驗出來都是陽性,冠狀病毒感染的貓大約有<span lang="EN-US">12%</span>會發展成貓傳染性腹膜炎。有些品種<span lang="EN-US">(</span>如:孟加拉貓<span lang="EN-US">)</span>較容易發展成貓傳染性腹膜炎,年齡也是很重要的危險因子,<span lang="EN-US">70%</span>貓傳染性腹膜炎的貓都小於一歲,但也有在十七歲的貓身上發現,未結紮的貓也較容易發生。緊迫的環境容易使冠狀病毒帶原的貓發展成貓傳染性腹膜炎,例如手術、進入貓舍、家中環境改變或引進新成員、同時感染貓白血病病毒<span lang="EN-US">(feline leukemia virus, FeLV)</span>等,任何使貓咪緊迫的因子都有可能使冠狀病毒發生突變,自然感染的情況下,貓大約一周後開始從糞便中排毒,持續排毒數周至數月,甚至有些貓終其一生都在排毒,成為帶原者。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">大部分冠狀病毒感染的貓看起來都很健康,或是只有輕微的腸炎,只有一部分的貓會發展成貓傳染性腹膜炎,由病毒的基因及宿主的免疫反應共同決定。貓傳染性腹膜炎依據疾病的臨床表現分成兩種形式:濕式及乾式貓傳染性腹膜炎,濕式的特徵為多發性漿膜炎及血管炎,引起胸腔或腹腔積液;乾式則是在許多器官產生肉芽腫性病變。病毒主要是在單核球、巨噬細胞內增殖,躲避抗體的攻擊,當單核球、血管周圍的巨噬細胞被活化時,腎臟、腸繫膜淋巴結、肺、肝、脾、大網膜、腦等會出現大範圍的肉芽腫、血管炎病變。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">死後解剖是貓傳染性腹膜炎唯一的確診方式,存活時候的診斷非常困難,到目前為止還沒有針對乾式疾病的非侵入性診斷試驗,液體分析對濕式疾病的診斷則非常有用,合併貓咪的病史、臨床症狀、檢驗數據的變化、抗體力價等才能做出完整的評估。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">(1)
</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">血液學檢查<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">WBC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">白血球總數可能增加或減少,淋巴球減少,但<span lang="EN-US">stress-leukogram(</span>淋巴球減少、嗜中性球增加<span lang="EN-US">)</span>在其他疾病也很常發生,不過通常淋巴球的數量在貓傳染性腹膜炎的病例中較不可能是在正常範圍的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">RBC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">輕微至中度的非再生性貧血,但許多慢性疾病的貓也常發生。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">Protein<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">總蛋白濃度增加,主要是<span lang="EN-US">gamma globulin</span>上升,大約<span lang="EN-US">50%</span>的濕式疾病的貓及<span lang="EN-US">70%</span>的乾式疾病的貓會出現高球蛋白血症,血清總蛋白濃度可高達<span lang="EN-US">12 g/dL</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">liver
enzyme<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">BUN<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">Creatinine<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">肝腎指數都有可能增加,主要是看受損的器官來決定,但通常不會拿來當作貓傳染性腹膜炎的診斷。肝臟受到影響時,常可以見到高膽紅素血症及黃疸,當沒有發生溶血而驗出膽紅素及肝指數過高時,貓傳染性腹膜炎的可能性增加,同時也常會看到血清中<span lang="EN-US">alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP)</span>大於<span lang="EN-US">1500ug/ml</span>,但其他感染狀態也會見到<span lang="EN-US">AGP</span>升高,例如:健康的貓感染冠狀病毒。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">(2)
</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">體腔積液分析:若體腔積液存在,最好能將其抽出做檢驗,體腔積液的診斷價值較血液學檢查高,但大約只有一半的貓傳染性腹膜炎病畜會出現體腔積液<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">外觀<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">典型的外觀為澄清黃色具黏稠度的液體,但外觀通常不具診斷性,有時液體的外觀會不一樣,像是也有出現過純乳糜積液。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">protein<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">蛋白質含量通常會非常高<span lang="EN-US">(</span>大於<span lang="EN-US">35 g/L)</span>,蛋白質電泳白蛋白<span lang="EN-US">/</span>球蛋白比率小於<span lang="EN-US">0.4</span>時具有高的陽性預期值,當大於<span lang="EN-US">0.8</span>時具有高的陰性預期值。其他相關的鑑別診斷包含了炎症性肝臟疾病、<span lang="EN-US">lymphoma</span>、心衰竭及細菌性腹膜炎或胸膜炎。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">細胞數<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">細胞數通常較低<span lang="EN-US">(</span>有核細胞小於<span lang="EN-US">5000/uL)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">細胞型態<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">主要以巨噬細胞和嗜中性球為主。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">Rivalta
test<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">簡易、便宜的臨床方法,用來區別<span lang="EN-US">exudate</span>及<span lang="EN-US">transudate</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">(3)
</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">腦脊髓液分析:用於出現神經症狀的貓,但也有貓傳染性腹膜炎出現神經症狀的貓,腦脊髓液的檢查結果卻是正常的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">protein<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">含量提高<span lang="EN-US">(50-350 mg/dL</span>,正常應小於<span lang="EN-US">25 mg/dL)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">細胞數<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">細胞數增加<span lang="EN-US">(</span>有核細胞約<span lang="EN-US">100-10000/mL)</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">細胞型態<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;">主要以嗜中性球、淋巴球、巨噬細胞為主。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">(4) </span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">抗體偵測:很高比例的健康貓咪血清中冠狀病毒抗體為陽性,且大部分都不會發展成貓傳染性腹膜炎,因此抗體的存在並不能表示貓咪有傳染性腹膜炎,反之,抗體沒有存在也不能排除掉貓傳染性腹膜炎,目前沒有<span lang="EN-US">FIP-antibody test</span>,所有抗體的檢查都只有針對貓冠狀病毒,另外,低抗體力價並不能排除貓傳染性腹膜炎,有很多貓傳染性腹膜炎的病畜血清抗體檢查都是陰性的,因為在疾病爆發後最終高量的病毒會和抗體連結在一起,形成免疫複合體無法偵測,但高抗體力價則貓傳染性腹膜炎的可能性仍是增加的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">(5)
</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">貓冠狀病毒<span lang="EN-US">RT-PCR</span>:目前仍有疑慮,對於血液檢體而言,檢出陽性並不代表貓一定有貓傳染性腹膜炎,因為<span lang="EN-US">PCR</span>只能驗出冠狀病毒,無法偵測出有沒有突變,健康貓的血液中可能也有冠狀病毒存在。<span lang="EN-US">PCR</span>對於胸水的診斷性也仍須更多的研究數據來支持。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">(6)
</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">免疫螢光染色:主要是利用免疫螢光染色偵測體腔積液內巨噬細胞中存在的貓冠狀病毒抗原,或是利用免疫組織化學染色染組織樣本。雖然貓冠狀病毒普遍存在健康貓的全身,但只有貓傳染性腹膜炎的病畜有足夠的病毒抗原出現在巨噬細胞中而可以被染色,巨噬細胞內貓冠狀病毒抗原免疫螢光染色結果為陽性具有<span lang="EN-US">100%</span>的陽性預期值,陰性預期值則是<span lang="EN-US">57%</span>,如此差異是由於體腔積液抹片下巨噬細胞量不足。免疫化學染色也一樣有<span lang="EN-US">100%</span>的陽性預期值,但要取能組織樣本必須透過侵入性的方式,像是腹腔切開或腹腔內視鏡,在已經虛弱有麻醉風險的貓較無法進行。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">確診<span lang="EN-US">FIP</span>的貓幾乎無法避免最終的死亡,雖然一些症狀較為輕微的貓透過支持性的治療可以再多活數個月的生活,然而一旦症狀開時惡化,精神食慾和體重逐漸的往下掉,那麼主人就必須做好心理準備。由於<span lang="EN-US">FIP</span>是一個免疫相關的疾病,因此在對症治療的方面會是以免疫抑制的藥物為主, 也許可以減緩疾病的進程。對於胸腹水的抽取也能夠緩和動物的症狀。另外,抗生素的投予以及輸液的補充也是需要的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Microsoft YaHei","sans-serif";">目前研究方向仍致力於尋找能夠抗<span lang="EN-US">FIP</span>病毒的藥物。例如<span lang="EN-US">Ribavirin</span>在體外能夠抑制<span lang="EN-US">FIP</span>病毒的增殖,然而在臨床試驗上面卻反而會加速<span lang="EN-US">FIP</span>患貓的死亡。而<span lang="EN-US">Interferons</span>也能夠在體外抑制病毒的增殖,然而目前在臨床試驗中,投藥組和安慰劑組的貓其生存期並沒有顯著差異。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-80251340424749238462018-10-12T10:03:00.001+08:002023-03-08T19:19:02.031+08:00到底該不該結紮--子宮蓄膿<h2 style="text-align: center;">
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">對狗狗來說,子宮蓄膿是一個嚴重且有可能威脅到生命</span></div>
<div class="a0">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的疾病,需要盡快就醫。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<h1>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNE83pwzj1Mi7ZCZPvneO4o1fKQS-BSq_AAgU-jiDTDVPnWyYBhyphenhyphenXH-BDhsHihKJ5nEt_CZ_BzGN57i4xUSYJsPA-82tuBBCch4NKpZK51-BzzlDLtPOrRbPXpBYta24pkB3V0RnXavBw7/s1600/%25E5%25AD%2590%25E5%25AE%25AE.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="280" data-original-width="576" height="153" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNE83pwzj1Mi7ZCZPvneO4o1fKQS-BSq_AAgU-jiDTDVPnWyYBhyphenhyphenXH-BDhsHihKJ5nEt_CZ_BzGN57i4xUSYJsPA-82tuBBCch4NKpZK51-BzzlDLtPOrRbPXpBYta24pkB3V0RnXavBw7/s320/%25E5%25AD%2590%25E5%25AE%25AE.png" width="320" /></a></h1>
<h3>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: large;">原因</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">子宮蓄膿的發病機制只有部分被發現,但普遍認為和賀爾蒙不平衡或對正常雌</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">激素的反應異常,和黃體激素影響子宮上皮,促進細菌附著繁殖有關。雌激素</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">刺激子宮上皮生長和子宮內膜血管增生,增加子宮的敏感性和對黃體激素的反</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">應,黃體激素造成子宮內膜增生和子宮腺體分泌,並減少子宮肌層收縮,促使</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">子宮頸閉合。患有子宮蓄膿之病犬,其最常分離出來的病原菌為大腸桿菌</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">(Escherichia coli)。</span></span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">狗的子宮頸通常是緊閉的,在發情時子宮頸會打開,</span><span style="font-family: , serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">此時細菌就很有機會上行性感染至子宮內。</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: , serif;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: , serif;"><br /></span></span></span></h3>
<h2>
<ul>
<li>什麼年紀較易發生</li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: , serif; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">任何年紀的狗狗都有可能發生,最常發生在未結紮的老犬,跟隨年紀的增長,混亂的混爾蒙造成子宮腺體不正常增生,使子宮抵禦外敵的能力降低,在發情時就較易受細菌感染。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: , serif; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: , serif; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: , serif; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
</h2>
<h2>
<ul>
<li>症狀</li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">分為封閉式(</span><span lang="EN-US">closed type</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)及開放式(</span><span lang="EN-US">open type</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">),前者比較不容易被發現,後者因為會有分泌物較易被發現,除了分泌物之外還會觀察到狗狗喝水量增加、拉肚子、精神不振、食慾下降等症狀。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</h2>
<h2>
<br /><ul>
<li>治療</li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: , serif; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">獸醫師會利用超音波來進行診斷,通常正常的子宮不易在超音波下被看到,若確診為子宮蓄膿,必須盡快進手術將子宮卵巢一併摘除,並且使用抗生素治療。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</h2>
<h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgomxeg2xpoygetOuMN-KQ_Wz2q6h635xyiLfIctoZUWWicRBaBSCwwNqqEtNJLIcsVKJrg4K2eFoVpYirO5gAG3zW9UqzBkTyxT3gOgsD5SwZK8sYrpU-fcebdBuJgjG48gPG-vqA7la5V/s1600/%25E5%25AD%2590%25E5%25AE%25AE%25E8%2593%2584%25E8%2586%25BF.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="449" data-original-width="599" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgomxeg2xpoygetOuMN-KQ_Wz2q6h635xyiLfIctoZUWWicRBaBSCwwNqqEtNJLIcsVKJrg4K2eFoVpYirO5gAG3zW9UqzBkTyxT3gOgsD5SwZK8sYrpU-fcebdBuJgjG48gPG-vqA7la5V/s320/%25E5%25AD%2590%25E5%25AE%25AE%25E8%2593%2584%25E8%2586%25BF.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: , serif;"><br /></span></span></span>
</h3>
<br />
<div class="MsoQuote" style="margin-left: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-style: normal;"> 子宮蓄膿的子宮,腹腔打開後腫脹的子宮一目瞭然</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-6142242148388436302018-05-23T21:22:00.002+08:002018-05-23T21:22:47.652+08:00犬足部癤病(Canine Pedal Furunculosis)<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">疾病介紹</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 犬足部癤病又稱為趾間水泡</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">(Interdigital bullae)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">或趾間膿樣肉芽腫</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">(Interdigital pyogranuloma)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。實際成因不明,有一假設說明因為破裂的毛囊、皮脂腺以及脂膜釋放出的角質蛋白及三酸甘油脂會刺激周邊皮膚產生持續性的發炎反應而形成無菌性癤病。尤其以短毛品種的狗最容易發生。</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfzRw_2zQYPiqZzFmMzFuk9KeFks_AxEt9qU-sTedfT_ImTxK1v_D2AgOy2ZK_5XiWZUBL5MhyP9lJQ0L2hhIE6raZtAtFIRsYeMusT_iqhljZXHUspZCH9ClDwRXUYbUsFgq6JHqU6HQk/s1600/%25E7%258A%25AC%25E8%25B6%25B3%25E9%2583%25A8%25E7%2599%25A4%25E7%2597%25852.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="444" data-original-width="652" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfzRw_2zQYPiqZzFmMzFuk9KeFks_AxEt9qU-sTedfT_ImTxK1v_D2AgOy2ZK_5XiWZUBL5MhyP9lJQ0L2hhIE6raZtAtFIRsYeMusT_iqhljZXHUspZCH9ClDwRXUYbUsFgq6JHqU6HQk/s320/%25E7%258A%25AC%25E8%25B6%25B3%25E9%2583%25A8%25E7%2599%25A4%25E7%2597%25852.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">可在趾間發現一個或多個紅疹、結癤或水泡。</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">病灶區會產生疼痛、癢覺,有時甚或會有潰瘍產生而流出漿液性或膿樣分泌物。這些症狀可能會自行好轉、反覆發生或持續性的存在。周邊的淋巴結腫大,但往往沒有全身性的影響,嚴重時可能會有二次性細菌或黴菌感染。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTSc-xa-fiHdllKtI6cXMTCtBcF9MLDEd1lRXJQZVMJtrAzPIgMrdXSZR0L4oATS6Aj9L_Qp9vPxmsLj9577CW-1hXwKrtXJePaxo1ZfIQa_S4TXTFwmbkvFNHFPeNjfRCJgsoIQl-9j73/s1600/%25E7%258A%25AC%25E8%25B6%25B3%25E9%2583%25A8%25E7%2599%25A4%25E7%2597%25851.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="437" data-original-width="644" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTSc-xa-fiHdllKtI6cXMTCtBcF9MLDEd1lRXJQZVMJtrAzPIgMrdXSZR0L4oATS6Aj9L_Qp9vPxmsLj9577CW-1hXwKrtXJePaxo1ZfIQa_S4TXTFwmbkvFNHFPeNjfRCJgsoIQl-9j73/s200/%25E7%258A%25AC%25E8%25B6%25B3%25E9%2583%25A8%25E7%2599%25A4%25E7%2597%25851.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">趾間水泡常見於短毛品種的狗,雖然原因不明,但往往與毛倒插入毛囊中生長有相當的關係。也會因為其他搔癢性的疾病</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">如,異位性皮膚炎等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,而加劇其嚴重性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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pododermatitis)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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bacterial and fungal infection)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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skin disorders)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">1. </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">病史、臨床上的發現,排除其他需要區別診斷的疾病。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2. </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">細針抽取採樣。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">3. </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">皮膚組織生檢。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">4. </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">微生物培養。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">治療</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">1.</span><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">先控制造成癤病的原發原因,如食物過敏、潮濕髒亂的環境以及短毛犬</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 隻身上的摩擦等等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">2. </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">若有以常分泌物或懷疑二次性感染時,需要給予適當的抗生素或抗黴菌</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 藥物治療,其療程需要至少</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">4~6</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">周。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18.6667px; text-indent: -24px;">3. </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">較實質的病灶,建議以外科手術或雷射切除。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">圖片出處:Small Animal Dermatology</span></div>
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尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-67206774210532629602018-05-15T20:07:00.001+08:002018-05-15T20:07:58.165+08:00貓傳染性腹膜炎 (Feline Infectious Peritonitis, FIP)<br />
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt;"> 貓冠狀病毒<span lang="EN-US">(feline coronavirus, FCoV)</span>依血清學及基因學特性分成兩型,第一型是最普遍存在的,第二型則是第一型貓冠狀病毒和犬冠狀病毒<span lang="EN-US">(canine coronavirus)</span>重組的結果,大部分的研究都是著重在第二型,因為第二型的病毒可以快速的在體外傳播。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt;"> 貓冠狀病毒在乾燥環境可存活七周,糞口傳播是病毒主要傳播的方式,糞便中的病毒可以透過貓砂、鞋子、手、布料等間接傳播,不過一般家用清潔劑、消毒劑都可以容易的使病毒去活化。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt;"> 貓冠狀病毒的感染在家貓和野貓都非常普遍,尤其在擁擠的環境容易感染,在多貓環境常常全部的貓血清檢驗出來都是陽性。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt;"> 冠狀病毒感染的貓大約有<span lang="EN-US">12%</span>會發展成貓傳染性腹膜炎。有些品種<span lang="EN-US">(</span>如:孟加拉貓<span lang="EN-US">)</span>較容易發展成貓傳染性腹膜炎;年齡也是很重要的危險因子,<span lang="EN-US">70%</span>貓傳染性腹膜炎的貓都小於一歲,但也有在十七歲的貓身上發現;未結紮的貓也較容易發生。</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFZr24FyqTd4kSwxPv_PPsYbErM3vG_ksxeeBqdPncv05Kxq9G9eywTVTTLLj9fg8ha-sCjIw-Kd5IMTQOyv7p1KHzlJiOAeNGh1rgMDT-w0n4d6dUyHSF_iAOElbgmVworgSSEX4YlLaT/s1600/FIP1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFZr24FyqTd4kSwxPv_PPsYbErM3vG_ksxeeBqdPncv05Kxq9G9eywTVTTLLj9fg8ha-sCjIw-Kd5IMTQOyv7p1KHzlJiOAeNGh1rgMDT-w0n4d6dUyHSF_iAOElbgmVworgSSEX4YlLaT/s320/FIP1.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt;"> 緊迫的環境容易使冠狀病毒帶原的貓發展成貓傳染性腹膜炎,例如手術、進入貓舍、家中環境改變或引進新成員、同時感染貓白血病病毒<span lang="EN-US">(feline leukemia virus, FeLV)</span>等,任何使貓咪緊迫的因子都有可能使冠狀病毒發生突變,自然感染的情況下,貓大約一周後開始從糞便中排毒,持續排毒數周至數月,甚至有些貓終其一生都在排毒,成為帶原者。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt;"> 大部分冠狀病毒感染的貓看起來都很健康,或是只有輕微的腸炎,只有一部分的貓會發展成貓傳染性腹膜炎,由病毒的基因及宿主的免疫反應共同決定。貓傳染性腹膜炎依據疾病的臨床表現分成兩種形式:濕式及乾式貓傳染性腹膜炎,濕式的特徵為多發性漿膜炎及血管炎,引起胸腔或腹腔積液;乾式則是在許多器官產生肉芽腫性病變。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt;"> 死後解剖是貓傳染性腹膜炎唯一的確診方式,存活時的診斷非常困難,到目前為止還沒有針對乾式疾病的非侵入性診斷試驗;液體分析對濕式疾病的診斷則非常有用,合併貓咪的病史、臨床症狀、檢驗數據的變化、抗體力價等才能做出完整的評估。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt;"> 確診<span lang="EN-US">FIP</span>的貓幾乎無法避免最終的死亡,雖然一些症狀較為輕微的貓透過支持性的治療可以再多活數個月的生活,然而一旦症狀開始<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 14.0pt;">惡化,精神食慾和體重逐漸的往下掉,那麼飼主就必須做好心理準備。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-27072884214497759052018-05-07T18:59:00.000+08:002018-05-08T15:48:24.034+08:00犬耳血腫( Ear Hematoma in Dogs)<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span style="font-weight: normal;">為什麼狗狗的耳朵會腫起來,而且摸起來還軟軟的<span lang="EN-US">?</span>當看到狗狗的耳朵出現柔軟且具波動感,並有充滿液體的腫脹感時,就有很大的機會是發生耳血腫了,接下來就讓我們來認識狗狗的耳血腫吧!</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">什麼是耳血腫<span lang="EN-US">?</span>為什麼會發生?</span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: inherit;">耳血腫是由於耳軟骨和皮膚之間出現血液的蓄積。這個疾病在任何品種或年齡的狗狗都有可能會發生,但具有長且下垂耳朵的品種風險比較高。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> 多數病例是緣於外耳炎造成的耳朵疼痛及搔癢,其他原因如打架或皮膚病、耳道寄生蟲、酵母菌或細菌感染等,皆會造成動物耳朵的刺激,引起狗狗搔抓或甩頭導致耳朵的血管破裂或是耳軟骨骨折,因而造成耳血腫。</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: red;">耳血腫時狗狗會出現什麼症狀?</span></h3>
<span style="color: red;"> </span>通常會伴有其他外耳或中耳疾病,並出現頻頻甩頭或抓耳之情形;另外,可以看到耳翼內面腫脹,觸感柔軟具有波動感,耳血腫不一定是整片耳朵的腫脹,也可能出現局部的耳血腫。<br />
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<span style="color: red;">要怎麼進行治療?</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> 若沒有進行治療,耳廓將發生繼發性纖維化和收縮,可能導致不可挽回的變形。耳血腫最重要的是對其潛在疾病進行治療,並以手術或非手術的治療方式消除耳朵的血塊。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> 非手術的治療方式為用針筒把血液抽出來,但容易復發,唯有進行外科手術才能夠避免再次發生。</span><span style="font-family: inherit;">外科手術的目的在於清除血塊,預防復發,並讓耳朵的外觀恢復至正常。</span><br />
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<span style="color: red; font-family: inherit;">手術完的注意事項</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">手術完成後的狗狗應限制活動的範圍,以免讓耳血腫再次發生,並要配戴頭套,讓狗狗無法搔抓到耳朵。</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> 需觀察包紮是否太緊而造成呼吸困難,並隨時注意頭部的包紮是否鬆脫,如果鬆脫,要盡快再重新包紮;此外,應按時為狗狗清潔耳朵,避免耳朵不舒服,如傷口恢復情況良好,術後約<span lang="EN-US">10–14</span>天可移除包紮並拆線。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"> 撰文 尼古拉醫生 </span>尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-26366981843474827142017-02-09T13:11:00.001+08:002017-02-09T13:11:15.929+08:00椎間盤疾病 Intervertebral Disc Disease(IVDD)<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">什麼是椎間盤疾病?</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">脊椎間的椎間盤因為<b>退化性</b>原因或<b>非退化性</b>原因產生突起或脫出壓迫到脊髓或神經導致的病變。狗較貓常見,其中最常發生的品種為臘腸、米格魯、貴賓、西施、北京,最常發生的位置則在<b>頸椎</b>以及<b>胸腰椎</b>的部分,根據發生的位置與影響的程度會有不同的臨床症狀,最常見的臨床症狀為癱瘓、步態異常、跛行、背痛、脖子痛、糞尿失禁、無法搖尾巴、失去痛覺等等。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"> 1.
</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">品種</span><span lang="EN-US"> 2. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">退化</span><span lang="EN-US"> 2. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">體重</span><span lang="EN-US"> 3. </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">創傷</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">要怎麼診斷椎間盤疾病?</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">首先要知道有沒有創傷的病史</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">例如車禍、摔傷等等</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,醫師會進行神經學檢查初步評估嚴重的程度,再藉由<b>X光影像學</b>檢查來更仔細的檢查脊椎。更進一步的檢查有<b><span style="color: #990000;">脊髓造影</span></b>、<b><span style="color: #990000;">電腦斷層</span></b>與<b><span style="color: #990000;">核磁共振</span></b>。由於為了取得精準的影像,有時候會需要進行<b><u>鎮靜</u></b>與<b><u>麻醉</u></b>的動作,這部分須與醫生進行討論。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNBFMrejIPCgaXSXimJdNnnSB9fxazKQ2jIrM3H0FiK8-LMx_sN7XLfF3TF1-DryXdJ5VRhlio_sgpFQFDoeT-d7a6UcEh8y0uypLvaavDEirmF8Ig6FPXf4Qdzp3iPEY9nV_FIV-ANAPu/s1600/aaaaaa2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNBFMrejIPCgaXSXimJdNnnSB9fxazKQ2jIrM3H0FiK8-LMx_sN7XLfF3TF1-DryXdJ5VRhlio_sgpFQFDoeT-d7a6UcEh8y0uypLvaavDEirmF8Ig6FPXf4Qdzp3iPEY9nV_FIV-ANAPu/s320/aaaaaa2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">要怎麼治療椎間盤的疾病?</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">根據臨床症狀可以分為五級。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 48.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">n<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第一級</span></b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:只有背痛。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 48.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">n<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第二級</span></b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:背痛、共濟失調、輕癱,但是運動功能是好的。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 48.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">n<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第三級</span></b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:缺乏本體感受,運動功能受到影響但是仍然存在。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">n<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第四級</span></b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:完全癱瘓</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">失去運動功能</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,但是仍有深層痛覺。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">n<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第五級</span></b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:完全癱瘓,無深層痛覺。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第一級</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的病患先以保守治療,除非疼痛持續沒有改善。<b><u>第二級</u></b>的病患初期以保守治療並密切追蹤神經症狀,若症狀沒有改善或者甚至惡化則需進行手術。<b><u>第三級</u></b>與<b><u>第四級</u></b>病患需要進行手術治療。<b><u>第五級</u></b>病患必須把握黃金時間</span><span lang="EN-US">(48</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">小時內</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">進行手術。第一級至第四級的病患手術後恢復機率為</span><span lang="EN-US">85%-95%</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,第五級則是</span><span lang="EN-US">10-75%(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">根據黃金時間以及術後的恢復程度有所不同</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">保守治療可以利用藥物控制病患的臨床症狀。而最有效且積極的方法則是進行手術處理受到壓迫的部分,將壓迫的物質取出。除此之外,針灸也是可以考慮的保守治療之一。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">手術後必須密集觀察動物一小段時間,例如病患的<b>神經症狀</b>與<b>排尿排便</b>功能等。<u>術後必須嚴格的關籠<b>限制運動</b>四至六週</u>,再漸漸地增加活動量與復健,其中水療與關節運動對於肌肉的恢復很有幫助。若是保守治療的動物則必須嚴格限制運動三至四週。不論是以哪種方式治療的病患,都建議以<b>胸背帶</b>取代頸項圈,並避免跑跳的行為,還要控制病患的體重。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 尼古拉動物醫院 范鈞豪醫師</span>尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-79181985576644499322017-02-03T17:23:00.000+08:002017-02-09T13:11:50.738+08:00前十字韌帶疾病 Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease<div class="MsoNormal">
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-size: large; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">前十字韌帶是什麼?受傷了會怎麼樣?</span></b><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">十字韌帶是膝關節的重要韌帶之一,幫助穩固膝關節,避免產生旋轉、位移、過度伸展的狀況。而前十字韌帶的疾病通常為<b>創傷</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">急性</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span></b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">或者是<b>退化</b></span><b><span lang="EN-US">(</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">慢性</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span></b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的傷害造成,會導致膝關節部分或全部的功能喪失。為後肢跛行常見的原因之一,也是膝關節<b>退化性關節病</b>的主要原因。有一半以上的病患會產生半月板的傷害。臨床症狀根據受損的形式、程度、是否有半月板傷害、發炎的嚴重程度等等有所不同。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-size: large; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">要怎麼知道十字韌帶有沒有受傷?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration: underline;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">帶到動物醫院請醫師進行<b>骨科學</b>的評估,並以</span><b><span lang="EN-US">X</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">光影像學</span></b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">來排除其他可能的原因,除此之外,<b>關節穿刺</b>或<b>關節鏡</b>也是診斷的工具之一。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-size: large; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">要怎麼治療呢?</span></b><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">建議以<b>手術</b>幫助膝關節穩定,手術治療可以分為關節外、關節內、以及骨頭矯正等方法,可以幫助恢復並避免繼續產生退化性的病變,而術後要進行<b>復健</b>來維持關節的活動性與穩定性,並且<b>限制運動</b>、注意<b>體重的控制</b>。要注意的是不管是哪種治療方法,退化性關節病是很常見的,並且<b><u>幾乎不可能恢復到與原本一樣的狀況</u></b>。有</span><span lang="EN-US">20-40%</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">的狗,在發生十字韌帶的疾病之後的</span><span lang="EN-US">17</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">個月內另一隻腳的韌帶也會發生。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 尼古拉動物醫院 范鈞豪 醫師</span></div>
尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-78163271305158846512017-01-23T19:10:00.001+08:002017-01-23T22:01:50.734+08:00髖關節發育不良Hip Dysplasia<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">什麼是髖關節發育不良?</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: , serif; text-indent: 24pt;"> 在狗狗臨床上常見的骨骼關節疾病之一。定義為髖關節的發育異常或者是退化。由於大腿骨與髖關節窩的接合不良,使關節承受了異常的壓力,干擾了骨頭正常的發育以及影響關節軟骨。常見於</span><b style="font-family: 新細明體, serif; text-indent: 24pt;">大型犬</b><span style="font-family: , serif; text-indent: 24pt;">,例如德國狼犬(</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px;">German Shepherd Dog)</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt;">、拉不拉多(</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px;">Labrador Retriever)</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt;">、黃金獵犬(</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px;">Golden Retriever)</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt;">、羅威娜(</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px;">Rottweiler)</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt;">。臨床上常見活動力下降、抬腳困難、步態改變、不願上下樓梯等等。</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">要如何診斷髖關節發育不良</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">?</span></b></h4>
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<span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"><b> </b></span><span style="font-family: , serif;">帶到動物醫院請醫師評估</span><b style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;"><u>理學檢查</u></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">以及</span><b style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;"><u>X光影像學檢查</u></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">。其中X光影像學檢查可能會需要藉由</span><b style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;"><span style="color: #cc0000;">鎮靜</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">或者</span><b style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;"><span style="color: #cc0000;">麻醉</span></b><span style="font-family: , serif;">才能得到精準的影像。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">圖片來源:Dog Breed Health</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">要怎麼治療?</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: , serif;"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;"><b> </b></span></span>可以選擇<b>保守治療</b>或者<b>手術治療</b>。必須根據每位病患的狀況做個別的評估。除非早期進行矯正手術,不然關節的退化是持續漸進性的,即使以藥物緩和了症狀,仍然無法阻止退化的過程。手術治療方面主要是針對大腿骨股骨頭以及關節窩的矯正。</div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">除此之外,術後的復健也很重要,關節運動可以避免關節的僵直並維持肌肉的完整性。而水療則可以在幫助關節與肌肉運動的同時避免過多的關節傷害。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">之後還要注意什麼?</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">n<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">罹患髖關節發育不良的狗狗要避免繁殖下一代,</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">n<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">定期X光追蹤髖關節的狀況。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體" , "serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 尼古拉動物醫院 范鈞豪 醫師</span></div>
尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-6627079656311930292017-01-21T13:31:00.001+08:002017-01-21T13:31:08.446+08:00先天性膝關節脫臼 Patellar Luxation<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">什麼是膝關節脫臼?</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">膝關節脫臼為狗常見的關節性問題之一。定義為膝蓋骨</span><span lang="EN-US">(Pattellar)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">往內側或外側脫離了正常的位置</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">其中內側佔</span><span lang="EN-US">75%</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,雙側佔</span><span lang="EN-US">50%)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">。狗較貓常見,尤其常見於小型犬,例如貴賓、約克夏、北京、吉娃娃等。平均四個月後開始出現臨床症狀。常見臨床症狀為<b>後肢長期不正常的抬舉與功能異常</b>。臨床表現時而輕微時而嚴重。一般來說獸醫師在檢查時會將膝關節脫臼分為四級。</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 24.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">l<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第一級:膝蓋骨可以手動離開滑車,但是會馬上自行歸位。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 24.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">l<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第二級:膝蓋骨可手動離開滑車,或者屈膝時會自動離開滑車。但是姿勢恢復後自行歸位。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">l<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第三級:膝蓋骨大部分時間都在滑車外,可以手動歸位,但是移動時會再掉出來。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">l<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第四級:膝蓋骨永久的在滑車外,無法手動歸位。</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">通常近端脛骨有旋轉的畸形,或者滑車太淺</span><span lang="EN-US">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">膝蓋骨脫臼的<b>分級與臨床症狀並沒有絕對的關係</b>,</span>
<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">但長期的脫臼導致磨損,會造成病患的疼痛。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">為什麼會造成膝關節脫臼?</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">骨骼或肌肉的畸形</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">例如彎曲</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">、股骨的滑車溝太淺、骨骼發育不良、肌肉的位置異常等,都是常見的原因</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">要怎麼知道我家寵物有沒有膝關節脫臼?</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"> 需要</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">帶至動物醫院請醫師進行理學檢查以及X光的評估。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">如何治療?</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMVtjK22xtrqw59iTGIO2hWCSW5zE5FFrNmdxWMsi2RS1VMQiql-UFjz7Pmvdmu6KRYB_CPwoLdRZ2RX3941OjHAcWdLzQpcDI7x4va3DTm5mwMXvVuLWggOCq6ytq8XIRmKW3jY5R4_Xl/s1600/IMG_0029.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMVtjK22xtrqw59iTGIO2hWCSW5zE5FFrNmdxWMsi2RS1VMQiql-UFjz7Pmvdmu6KRYB_CPwoLdRZ2RX3941OjHAcWdLzQpcDI7x4va3DTm5mwMXvVuLWggOCq6ytq8XIRmKW3jY5R4_Xl/s320/IMG_0029.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">第一級的病患不強烈建議手術治療,第二級的病患則不一定要接受手術治療。但是<b>第三級與第四級的病患則建議評估手術</b>。手術方面主要以矯正骨骼肌肉的異常為主,並會加深滑車溝,避免膝蓋骨太容易脫落。術後會給予止痛藥控制。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">手術後要注意什麼?</span> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">l<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">術後</span><span lang="EN-US">3-5</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">天進行<b>冰敷</b>。術後要進行<b>關節運動的復健</b>。<b>避免激烈運動</b>。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">l<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">要進行<b>體重的控制</b>,減輕體重對關節造成的負擔。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 24.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-para-margin-left: 0gd; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">l<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">術後仍有在脫臼的可能性,若發生請立刻找醫師評估狀況。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">還有時麼要注意的?</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">l<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">患有膝關節脫臼的動物不建議繼續生育,因為後代也很有可能繼續脫臼。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-84618259235383983012016-01-08T18:09:00.003+08:002016-01-08T18:59:27.942+08:00夜間急診病例分享(Vivian)<span style="font-size: large;"><b>2014/12/14 夜間急診病例分享</b></span><br />
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Vivian是一隻八歲大已經結紮的母狗。104/12/14凌晨主人因為他血尿而打電話來尼古拉動物醫院尋求急診。主人一路奔波,從淡水來到士林。在給尼古拉醫生看過血尿相片後,發現可能不是單純的泌尿系統問題,而狗狗也已呈現黃疸現象,所以必須抽血做進一步的檢查。<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpL6MG_GUDJ5t-tnT3Hlf1Z9JxI29ks49F3yq4hOOHYAsT709UR89yM_cRAURer_D7cuZXwRPYlaMx5kPT0J8O3V9LAmxOzk4iukCoCfwPideujOgIAGcvKDaPTr_anmtr09k3YUD9jMZ3/s1600/messageImage_1452246314217.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpL6MG_GUDJ5t-tnT3Hlf1Z9JxI29ks49F3yq4hOOHYAsT709UR89yM_cRAURer_D7cuZXwRPYlaMx5kPT0J8O3V9LAmxOzk4iukCoCfwPideujOgIAGcvKDaPTr_anmtr09k3YUD9jMZ3/s320/messageImage_1452246314217.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">血液經離心後呈現溶血現象之血清</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNOjmBMtuOHvT3eD_WmOBxBrHKsskFVPWYBRCaSfm3-YLsSo_gr4YJA_0rroJsMsmdfRkAl3btfe2k6mbphx1a4NUsHPCrlhRGfbi5XV0ubZeSTuJ0ZwtN7YxlCfcYQ3XQHKfFyUynVyYe/s1600/messageImage_1452246296082.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNOjmBMtuOHvT3eD_WmOBxBrHKsskFVPWYBRCaSfm3-YLsSo_gr4YJA_0rroJsMsmdfRkAl3btfe2k6mbphx1a4NUsHPCrlhRGfbi5XV0ubZeSTuJ0ZwtN7YxlCfcYQ3XQHKfFyUynVyYe/s320/messageImage_1452246296082.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">血紅素尿離心後的現象</td></tr>
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血液一離心完,馬上就可以看出是溶血性的問題,所以她的血尿顯然不是紅血球尿,而是血紅素尿。然而是甚麼原因造成溶血呢?<br />
<ul>
<li>中毒?</li>
<li>免疫性?</li>
<li>血液寄生蟲?</li>
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於看診時我們並未發現Vivian有腸胃道的相關症狀,主人也說明印象中她沒有亂吃東西,所以醫師初步先將中毒這個區別診斷放在比較後面,將免疫與血液寄生蟲性問題優先檢查及排除。於是增加了犬四合一的檢驗及血液抹片,篩除寄生蟲感染的可能性。<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUE1aHPwiKJzu6j2fWRh9HOhLLbux_boSJ8PkRYwYeUJusmnZ8jHnc7vdgsoS8D5_CO58cKquWIWqioaIFuwQnS-fPGZ3-yxTKXPbUqGN2IXqpWdOmmB0swiKHqaxIipyv5fI1z4oBzCVH/s1600/messageImage_1452246265340.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUE1aHPwiKJzu6j2fWRh9HOhLLbux_boSJ8PkRYwYeUJusmnZ8jHnc7vdgsoS8D5_CO58cKquWIWqioaIFuwQnS-fPGZ3-yxTKXPbUqGN2IXqpWdOmmB0swiKHqaxIipyv5fI1z4oBzCVH/s200/messageImage_1452246265340.jpg" width="150" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Da9HoarZvPyuEC73wtRr5BmMc5kWG2eu7EaSF-zATcI00yQxHbIqV2cxhs7e4s2TtFAMwdEs9i4v9OdddEvIx-aIZi8YBTvCzipAIvlI8_rC1KQ394qKl4r88fVXPeJCmkJwiCMcAkJs/s1600/messageImage_1452246273514.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Da9HoarZvPyuEC73wtRr5BmMc5kWG2eu7EaSF-zATcI00yQxHbIqV2cxhs7e4s2TtFAMwdEs9i4v9OdddEvIx-aIZi8YBTvCzipAIvlI8_rC1KQ394qKl4r88fVXPeJCmkJwiCMcAkJs/s200/messageImage_1452246273514.jpg" width="150" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUTM2hrXVEuCPXfBcK_nOc0wtKlZCjhQA-VJ4JXaoptvncY3t56f6ImDppWpJVdKC73GsL79S1Qz5ydAzsDxmmUYOop0BGNveopMfNm8Sa8qHRXo8GeRcPxL2H7SA0KdQ4ZwhbKWl2eVuk/s1600/messageImage_1452246281194.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUTM2hrXVEuCPXfBcK_nOc0wtKlZCjhQA-VJ4JXaoptvncY3t56f6ImDppWpJVdKC73GsL79S1Qz5ydAzsDxmmUYOop0BGNveopMfNm8Sa8qHRXo8GeRcPxL2H7SA0KdQ4ZwhbKWl2eVuk/s200/messageImage_1452246281194.jpg" width="150" /></a></div>
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當日血檢中,紅血球明顯下降、總膽紅素上升、總蛋白上升,仍有持續性血紅素尿,然而犬四合一檢驗全部呈現陰性,血液抹片亦沒有檢出其他的血液寄生蟲。因此我們將Vivian的血液外送至合作的實驗室進一步做壁蝨套組及免疫學檢查。並給予留院治療觀察。<br />
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於住院期間每天追蹤血液檢查,血容比(PCV)仍持續的下降。在報告尚未出來的時候,我們先給Vivian輸予Oxyglobin,且同時間尼古拉醫師先行配對Vivian及Cash的血液,確認兩者是可以互相輸血的,以備不時之需。兩天後實驗室來電,確認是小焦蟲(<i>Babesia gibsoni</i>)感染,此時Vivian的血容比降到只有9.7%,果然,還是需要緊急輸血了。<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc7boAYVkLBz1Rz3d8LJ9Mv0-HLf9KVec9h10T9oHuOzIOnC4nCTKcyZhmDHj8HbDu01jFcXb8ucWhmAbup7v3iXRc5fdVX_INpfFau1JqFG1Y4MiKgubtw7qXbOX27uWOdPrNsoG5ID9A/s1600/messageImage_1452246235714.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc7boAYVkLBz1Rz3d8LJ9Mv0-HLf9KVec9h10T9oHuOzIOnC4nCTKcyZhmDHj8HbDu01jFcXb8ucWhmAbup7v3iXRc5fdVX_INpfFau1JqFG1Y4MiKgubtw7qXbOX27uWOdPrNsoG5ID9A/s320/messageImage_1452246235714.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cash輸給Vivian的血液</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV4KvZIU9cT564yKzCR4uHKoEAhzoizLqeKwxqTKPFpgRfU2OihkMOEHh96YmCj07hgNxjHNRpwbrY2gsi9ABHo6aoJga6v1m090SvtzbjfbVcNRktDvZtkijeh1Vt6LFkReM8cJP1QfMx/s1600/messageImage_1452246240474.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV4KvZIU9cT564yKzCR4uHKoEAhzoizLqeKwxqTKPFpgRfU2OihkMOEHh96YmCj07hgNxjHNRpwbrY2gsi9ABHo6aoJga6v1m090SvtzbjfbVcNRktDvZtkijeh1Vt6LFkReM8cJP1QfMx/s320/messageImage_1452246240474.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">輸血及輸液同時進行</td></tr>
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於確認了病因後,我們針對此問題給予藥物治療,從一度病危厭食,到慢慢接受灌食,到自己恢復食慾。住院期間主人天天來到天母探視,而你們的信賴與支持真的給予Vivian及醫師們很大的助力。到現在,離出院已有兩週的時間了,期間Vivian也回來複診兩次,每一次的血液檢查都越來越進步(PCV上升至41.1%),黃疸的現象也漸漸消退(T. Bil從>27.9到0.9 mg/dL)。未來,除了定期追蹤檢查外,也要提升她的免疫力以及避免不必要的緊迫發生,以減少焦蟲(Babesia)復發的機會。<br />
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尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-27745009402301450292015-10-21T18:00:00.001+08:002015-10-21T18:47:25.434+08:00球蟲症(Coccidiosis)簡介<div style="font-family: Helvetica; line-height: normal;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 11px;"> </span>在犬貓中,引起球蟲症最常見的病原為<i>Isospora</i>屬.其中感染狗的有: <i>Isospora canis</i>, <i>Isospora ohioensis</i>, <i>Isospora burrowsi</i>及<i>Isospora neorivolta</i>; 而感染貓咪的則有: <i>Isospora felis</i>及<i>Isospora rivolta</i>.臨床症狀可見下痢、無食慾、發燒、體重減輕、瘦弱、甚至死亡等.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> 球蟲感染症廣佈於世界各地,多數在營養不良、環境衛生不佳、過份擁擠的飼養環境以及離乳、運輸、飲食突然改變及天氣變化等緊迫的動物容易受影響,而引發臨床症狀.一般對多數牧場動物而言,球蟲症是屬於高感染率、低致病率(5-10%)的疾病.年紀較大的動物較不容易致病,但可能成為帶原者,臨床上健康且成熟的動物可能成為年輕動物感染的來源.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 11px;"> </span>因為球蟲會破壞小腸的上皮細胞以及黏膜層的結締組織細胞,所以會造成出血性腸炎、卡他性腸炎(catarrhal inflammation)及下痢等.嚴重狀況下可能造成脫水、進而死亡.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> 診斷上以浮遊法搭配顯微鏡做糞便檢查,檢出球蟲卵囊以便確診.但因為下痢往往會在排出卵囊前幾天就發生,並且持續至卵囊排出減少後,所以若只單獨檢驗一次糞便,可能會造成誤判.建議於同一隻動物多採幾次不同糞便,或採集同一窩動物不同的糞便做檢驗,以利確定診斷.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> 要如何預防球蟲症的發生呢?</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"> 基本上,避免球蟲感染的方式就是避免吃入球蟲卵囊的機會.因此,預防的重點著重在增加個體免疫力、減少緊迫以及環境的衛生等,如下所列:</span></div>
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<li style="font-family: Helvetica; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="line-height: normal;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">良好及平衡的營養</span></li>
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<li style="font-family: Helvetica; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="line-height: normal;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">正確的飼養管理</span></li>
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<li style="font-family: Helvetica; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="line-height: normal;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">減少緊迫的產生(離乳、突然更換食物以及運輸等)</span></li>
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尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-24613140571488940962015-10-03T23:38:00.004+08:002015-10-04T10:27:41.986+08:00犬貓蛔蟲症(Toxocariasis)真的那麼可怕嗎? 近日,各大報紙都有關於蛔蟲症的聳動標題.尼古拉醫師特別寫一篇文章介紹寵物的寄生蟲感染.為的是提醒大家,莫驚、莫慌、莫害怕.人畜共通傳染病比“<span style="color: red;">人人共通傳染病</span>”來的少很多,我們會避免自己的小孩免於疾病的傷害,因此會預防、會治療.而我們所飼養的狗狗貓貓,也像是我們的小孩,也該給予預防及治療.當動物們的身體健康加上我們注意居家衛生、個人清潔衛生,就可避免人畜共通傳染病的發生.<br />
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<b>蛔蟲症的介紹 </b> <br />
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蛔蟲症(Toxocariasis)是一種由蛔蟲(round worms)所感染而導致的疾病,常見寄生於狗(<i>Toxocara canis</i>)或貓(<i>Toxocara cati</i>)的小腸中.<br />
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在犬貓的感染途徑多是經由口糞傳播.含有蟲卵的糞便污染了環境,若不小心舔入食入或者吃入中間宿主,如老鼠等,就容易造成感染.而在年幼的犬貓甚至有可能經由母體胎盤或食入乳汁而感染.<br />
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人有沒有可能感染到犬貓蛔蟲呢?答案是,會的.<br />
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任何人都有可能被蛔蟲(Toxocara)感染,尤其是年幼的孩童、飼養犬貓的主人和獸醫師及獸醫護理人員,都是比較高風險的族群.<br />
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犬貓蛔蟲感染的生活史如下圖所示:<br />
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當犬貓被蛔蟲感染後,會在其糞便裡頭排出蟲體及蟲卵,而我們則容易因為接觸到被污染的器具或沒有適當的清潔雙手,而被感染.也有極少的例子是吃進去了已含有蟲體但未煮熟的肉類而感染.</div>
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多數人被蛔蟲感染都是沒有臨床症狀甚至不會有疾病的發生,少數則是會有:</div>
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<ol><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNqS4O2u1PqPTho2YvEIJRFjS5pFjHachSh0HfV35LaAx6LbFcJSOyazuFioc1p1A-jPtWw12870DtLRiokIjGwsCyJ20nthx6CGLS2muP1-0Y-mgUtZqYWZY-1KldwLb1FI7BUNbxsdn9/s1600/IMG_2090.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; display: inline !important; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNqS4O2u1PqPTho2YvEIJRFjS5pFjHachSh0HfV35LaAx6LbFcJSOyazuFioc1p1A-jPtWw12870DtLRiokIjGwsCyJ20nthx6CGLS2muP1-0Y-mgUtZqYWZY-1KldwLb1FI7BUNbxsdn9/s320/IMG_2090.jpg" width="240" /></a>
<li>蛔蟲移行(migrate)至眼睛時,造成失明、眼睛發炎或視網膜的傷害等.通常都是單側性的傷害.</li>
<li>蛔蟲移行至身體各種不同的臟器時(如肝臟或中樞神經系統),則會造成發燒、畏寒、疲倦、咳嗽甚或腹部疼痛等症狀.</li>
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若您是處於高風險的族群,合併有以上臨床症狀的出現,建議您需儘早就醫,早期治療.<br />
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<b><span style="color: red;">如何預防蛔蟲的感染呢?</span></b></div>
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<li><b>例行性的帶狗狗貓咪到動物醫院檢查並施以驅蟲,建議每半年一次.</b></li>
<li><b>要吃東西之前或有跟您的寵物玩耍之後,用肥皂及清水清洗自己的雙手.</b></li>
<li><b>教導您的孩子們洗手的重要性以預防感染.</b></li>
<li><b>不要讓您的小孩在有狗狗貓貓或其他動物糞便可能污染的區域內玩耍.</b></li>
<li><b>一週至少清潔您寵物居住的地方一次,排泄物需清洗乾淨,清完後記得洗手.</b></li>
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<b><span style="color: blue;">~我們絕不會因為自己的小孩感染了蛔蟲症就丟掉他們.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: blue;"> 狗狗貓貓,他們也就像是我們的小孩一樣的,需要細心呵護照顧.~</span></b></div>
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尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-46722716531525587242015-09-27T11:00:00.000+08:002015-09-26T19:55:27.416+08:00什麼是白內障(Cataract)?<div style="font-family: Helvetica;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">白內障(Cataract)是指眼睛的水晶體或其包膜透明度減低的疾病.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">眼睛內水晶體的生化反應是非常複雜的,也因此,會有許多不同的原因去引起白內障.然而除了糖尿病型(diabetic)、半乳糖血癥性(galactosemic)及實驗(experimental)所誘導的白內障外,其他引起寵物白內障的確切生化機轉目前還不是非常的清楚.總地來說,任何會影響下列水晶體功能的有害物質,都會使水晶體的不透明性增加:</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">1.水晶體的營養</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">2.能量的代謝</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">3.蛋白質的代謝</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">4.滲透壓的平衡</span><br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">引起白內障的主要原因有下列幾種:</span></div>
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<li style="font-family: Helvetica; margin: 0px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><b>遺傳性白內障(Hereditary Cataracts)</b></span></li>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"> 其特徵是會發生在特定的年紀、固定的起始位置以及相同的疾病進展速度.在混種狗的發生率為1.61%,而在某些純種狗的發生率可高達10%,包含玩具貴賓犬及迷你貴賓.遺傳性及後天性白內障在貓咪則較為少見.</span></div>
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<li style="font-family: Helvetica; margin: 0px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><b>先天性白內障(Congenital Cataracts)</b></span></li>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"> 其通常起始於胎兒時期,一出生就有症狀,且隨著年紀可能會變嚴重或是不變化等.在很多的狗跟馬的品種中,有些先天性白內障也可能是起始於遺傳性的問題.然而大部分先天性指的是子宮內的感染、中毒或繼發於眼睛發育的異常等.</span></div>
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<li style="font-family: Helvetica; margin: 0px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><b>糖尿病型白內障(Diabetic Cataracts)</b></span></li>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"> 最大的特色是雙側性的白內障,進展到成熟的速度非常快,通常為幾天到幾週的時間而已.任何狗狗只要有快速發展的白內障,一定要篩檢是否有糖尿病.研究報告指出,診斷出糖尿病後5-6個月,多數狗狗會開始有白內障;而約80%的狗會在16個月後產生白內障.</span></div>
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<li style="font-family: Helvetica; margin: 0px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><b>後天性白內障(Acquired Cataracts)</b></span></li>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"> 引起後天性白內障的原因很多,如眼睛疾病、創傷、營養、感染及毒性物質等.其中最常見的原因為眼前房的葡萄膜炎.此外,異物插入,如貓爪、棘狀物或槍砲彈藥碎片(國外)等,都可引起狗貓的創傷性白內障.若給予年輕動物不適當的代奶,往往容易引起營養性的白內障.在狗跟貓,這樣的白內障往往是缺乏必須氨基酸,而此型的白內障不會進展成為成熟的白內障,有的甚至會在營養充分補充後慢慢恢復.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> 在動物及人類都一樣,老年型白內障隨著年齡的增長而出現.最近的研究報告指出,所有狗在平均年紀13.5歲時,都可檢出有不同程度之白內障.然而這類型的白內障進展速度非常的慢,往往需要好幾年的時間才會趨於成熟.然而也有部分醫學研究者認為老年型白內障其實也是一種遲發型的遺傳性白內障.</span></div>
尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-78377616096956277942015-09-21T06:30:00.000+08:002015-09-20T15:51:06.541+08:00認識耳疥蟲(Ear Mites) 耳疥蟲(Ear Mites),又稱耳蟎蟲。是一種由Otodectes cynotis所引起的寄生蟲性疾病,常在耳道或皮膚上發現。狗貓都有可能感染,通常在幼貓發現的機會最高。成貓則可能成為沒有症狀的帶原者。<br />
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<a name='more'></a> 常見臨床症狀為<span style="color: #a64d79;"><span style="background-color: white;">甩頭</span></span>、<span style="color: #a64d79;"><span style="background-color: white;">抓耳朵</span></span>、<span style="color: #a64d79;">耳道內具有黑褐色耳垢</span>,若嚴重細菌感染時,也會出現<span style="color: #990000;">化膿性耳道分泌物</span>,由於劇癢而過度甩耳時,更可能進一步引發<span style="color: #cc0000;">耳血腫</span>。有時,這些寄生蟲也會引起皮膚的丘疹,潰瘍性病灶等,尤其是在頸部,大腿及尾部。<br />
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診斷方法可以藉由臨床症狀初步判斷,進一步以檢耳鏡觀察或以棉棒沾取耳道分泌物於顯微鏡下鏡檢(如相片所示)。<br />
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由於耳疥蟲是一個高度傳染性的寄生蟲性疾病,若狗貓感染後,居住在一起的寵物需一併治療,定期的洗澡也有助於清除皮膚表面的蟲體。在治療處置方面,須先幫其清潔耳道,輔助以外用耳藥、口服藥及針劑加以控制感染情形並殺滅蟲體。</div>
尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-90213586797671757542015-09-21T06:00:00.000+08:002015-09-20T15:51:38.499+08:00淺談登革熱(Dengue Fever)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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登革熱是一種藉由蚊子(Aedes mosquito)媒介的病毒性傳染病,此病毒與引起西尼羅河病毒感染症(West Nile infection)和黃熱病(Yellow fever)的病毒非常相近。<span style="color: red;">人與人之間無法直接傳染。</span><br />
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此疾病好發區域多為熱帶國家,印度、東南亞、中國南方、台灣、太平洋群島、墨西哥、非洲及中南美等國家則是最常見的區域。<br />
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臨床症狀往往於感染後4~6天開始出現,並可持續至10天以上。常見的臨床症狀有,突然的高燒、嚴重頭疼、眼睛後方的疼痛、嚴重的肌肉關節疼痛、疲勞倦怠、噁心反胃、嘔吐、皮膚出疹及出血等。<br />
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有時初期症狀不明顯,容易被誤判為流行性感冒或是其他病毒性感染。然而嚴重的狀態下可能形成登革出血熱,其特徵為高熱、淋巴及血管的傷害、鼻出血或牙齦流
血、肝腫大或循環系統的衰竭等.這些狀況可能演變成大出血、休克,這就是所謂的登革熱休克症(Dengue shock syndrome, DSS)。<br />
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若有出現以上所述的症狀,需儘快就醫。目前沒有疫苗可以預防登革熱,最好的預防方法是避免蚊蟲的叮咬,減少蚊蟲滋生的機會。<br />
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登革熱病毒屬於黃病毒科(Flaviviridae)、黃病毒屬(Flavivirus)。同一屬裡面其實包含了很多不同種類的病毒,茲列舉如下以供參考:<br />
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如下圖<br />
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尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-45036853820385971852015-09-20T10:30:00.000+08:002015-09-20T15:16:30.230+08:00您的寵物發霉了嗎?<div style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7px; margin-bottom: 6px;">
當我們懷疑狗貓身上有黴菌性感染時,有沒有印象中醫生總是會拿著一支像是紫外光的東西,於關掉燈的暗室中,照遍毛小孩全身?<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh1wZr10wIKnsjrrUPMcupPL8JX4ekRjY7-xkJFpHKfVGIirN53UrwpsWJOtFuiY6iUcKT2uAQX1M9mPVDwtiMBRolyvE7Xs_x2BKTMa9t0cAJUMBFPK1WjnyU-vK5dKO6e9Z9qZnIZ9kp/s1600/12015151_499742936867279_6709692804846374571_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh1wZr10wIKnsjrrUPMcupPL8JX4ekRjY7-xkJFpHKfVGIirN53UrwpsWJOtFuiY6iUcKT2uAQX1M9mPVDwtiMBRolyvE7Xs_x2BKTMa9t0cAJUMBFPK1WjnyU-vK5dKO6e9Z9qZnIZ9kp/s320/12015151_499742936867279_6709692804846374571_o.jpg" width="240" /></a>這支燈的名稱叫做伍氏燈。某些黴菌會因為伍氏燈的照射下而產生螢光反應,但是並不是全部.通常僅有50%-90%的犬小芽胞菌有此螢光反應。</div>
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<span style="line-height: 20.7px;">然而我們泛稱的“發霉”,其可能病原包含了犬小芽胞菌屬(Microsporum spp.)和髮癬菌屬(Trichophyton spp.)等.當然其中最常見的還是犬小芽胞菌(Microsporum canis)跟石膏樣小芽胞菌(Microsporum gypseum)。</span></div>
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因此,伍氏燈陽性反應一定有黴菌性感染,但若陰性反應呢?則需要進一步拔毛、刮取皮屑或做黴菌性培養以區別其他種類的黴菌性問題。</div>
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所以醫生才常常會說:伍氏燈照的話有一定有,沒有不代表沒有感染喔!若真的確診為皮癬菌(Dermatophytosis)的感染,治療期間至少需4-6週,有的甚至要兩個月以上。</div>
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<b style="color: red; line-height: 20.7px;">皮膚病不是疑難雜症,但是一定要有耐心。一定要配合您的醫師,給予正確及完整療程的治療,不可以任意停藥喲。</b></div>
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尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-64984271987540163882015-07-10T11:47:00.001+08:002015-09-20T15:16:58.802+08:00中暑,致命的危機<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>寵物中暑,夏日大災難</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;"> 炎炎夏日,寵物中暑事件層出不窮,甚至出現女星愛犬因為中暑而送醫後急救失敗,最後過世的新聞。所以,在四季如夏的台灣,如何幫助寵物平安度過如此悶熱的天氣,是主人一項重要的課題。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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人類在熱的時候,可以脫衣服,換薄上衣,但狗不行,他們頂多從厚毛衣換成薄毛衣而已。人類可以熱得滿身大汗,再藉水分蒸發而帶走熱量,但狗不行,她們大部分的汗腺侷限在腳掌,天再熱,也不會看到一隻大汗淋漓的狗,只會看到一排濕濕的小腳印,跟伸得長長的舌頭。在艷陽下、密閉熄火的車內,人就算穿著無袖,流了滿頭大汗,都有可能中暑了,何況是只能靠四個小腳掌來出汗、靠舌頭來散熱的毛孩?在賣場外等主人買東西、在空氣不流通的家中等主人回家,都是毛孩發生中暑意外的危險環境。</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQhsP-9TMozrNXHuruQh6s9MaYHDkE-aGWQuPSiJholNbqH6PxIH4_5aAIZ9_Aiq28fEOWZ0dcfvAmlsBmGclaxLWwfCWkI2ar4PB7zP1TZb7KAOtuI0zLE0yqUHcgqD_gA4cwJV_nbslo/s1600/S__27263084.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQhsP-9TMozrNXHuruQh6s9MaYHDkE-aGWQuPSiJholNbqH6PxIH4_5aAIZ9_Aiq28fEOWZ0dcfvAmlsBmGclaxLWwfCWkI2ar4PB7zP1TZb7KAOtuI0zLE0yqUHcgqD_gA4cwJV_nbslo/s320/S__27263084.jpg" width="239" /></a></div>
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短吻扁臉、肥胖、圓頭或罹患心血管疾病的狗狗,要特別注意。氣道短又狹窄,造成他們喘氣也散不了多少熱、大力喘息也吸不了多少氣。肥胖的狗狗體脂肪讓他們保溫效果好,體溫不容易散失,在高熱的氣溫中,反而變得無法散熱。心臟病則是跟血壓有關,狗狗中暑的時候血壓會因為血管的擴張而下降,對患有心血管疾病的動物來說,心臟無力補充足夠的血量,發生休克的風險就比一般狗狗高出許多。年老與年幼的動物,因為生理調節能力較不健全,也一樣無法應付外界的溫度變化,面對酷暑的氣候,相對容易中暑。</div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">美國獸醫內科學院</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">ACVIM</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">近日公布了八大容易中暑的犬種排行榜。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">1-8</span><span style="font-family: "新細明體","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana;">名分別是:巴哥犬、北京犬、英國鬥牛犬、西施犬、波士頓梗犬、法國鬥牛犬、拳師犬和查理士王小獵犬。共通特性就是符合上述:短吻扁臉、肥胖跟心臟病高風險族群。</span></div>
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平時主人應該留意寵物所在的環境,是否高溫炎熱,例如正午的陽台、庭院。雖然自古以來許多狗狗都是養在室外,不過在天氣劇烈變化,溫室效應越來越顯著的時代,中午的庭院,已經不是適合寵物久待的地方。如果要留寵物獨自在家,記得在出門前給予充足的飲水,擔心水碗打翻,可以多放幾個,不要讓寵物有無水可喝的狀況。室內通風要注意,真得過分炎熱的環境,可以的話就開冷氣、空調,否則不應該把他們留在家,尤其是上述易中暑的前八名狗狗。每天都要記得幫寵物梳毛,增加毛髮通氣量,幫助熱能從體表散失。散步時也要注意,氣溫太高的時候應該避免外出。</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2BSaLbIi94UAJY_gtTpQ9rqHwR785SEKndT6bqNsIudn4S-GWb7tME9C5RPF753xhC_lLRDbDXNMlxHnkF2v10BmYuZnOUbfCT9XhIdOn9F9yRRoRRCyESZLFHt7rIuvBatNrLihhWUFl/s1600/S__27263086.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2BSaLbIi94UAJY_gtTpQ9rqHwR785SEKndT6bqNsIudn4S-GWb7tME9C5RPF753xhC_lLRDbDXNMlxHnkF2v10BmYuZnOUbfCT9XhIdOn9F9yRRoRRCyESZLFHt7rIuvBatNrLihhWUFl/s320/S__27263086.jpg" width="239" /></a>若寵物出現下列情形,很可能是中暑的徵兆:<br />
1. 快速喘氣<br />
2. 明顯看到口腔粘膜、體表潮紅<br />
3. 精神不佳、食慾不振<br />
4. 體溫飆破39.5<br />
5. 噁心、嘔吐、拉肚子,嚴重的還可能會血便<br />
6. 昏厥、休克、抽搐、四肢無力、顫抖<br />
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生物體有自行維持體溫的中樞,控制體內溫度在正常範圍內,器官、酵素等等生理機能才能維持運作。當體溫過高時,酵素會失去活性、器官組織會受到高熱的傷害,產生細胞退化、變性甚至壞死的情況。像是紅血球就會失去攜氧能力,身體組織開始缺氧,高熱嚴重的話也會導致血球、血小板破裂、各種細胞的壞死。中暑時的過度喘氣、流汗造成體液喪失、體內電解質不平衡等情形。</div>
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一旦發現中暑情形,主人可以立刻進行以下處置:</div>
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1. 暢通呼吸道:讓寵物可以順暢呼吸,以利散熱</div>
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2. 設法降溫:用濕毛巾擦拭全身、腳掌,甚至灑水在身體上,之後用濕毛巾包裹(禁用冰水、冰塊降溫,會導致周邊血管收縮,反而惡化)</div>
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3. 帶至鄰近信任的動物醫院:降溫後盡快帶至醫院,讓醫師進行後續治療。</div>
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唯有主人及時、正確的處置,才是將中暑動物從鬼門關前救回的關鍵。<br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"> 尼古拉動物醫院 洪醫師 撰文分享</span></div>
尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.com台灣臺北25.083733249028825 121.5407180786132825.054973749028825 121.50037757861328 25.112492749028824 121.58105857861328tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-71229240247330383442015-03-23T12:32:00.000+08:002015-10-10T00:17:05.051+08:00麻醉,可不是睡一覺而已<div>
你是否有過手術前被醫護人員詳細盤查病史、用藥史、叮嚀術前注意事項的經驗?</div>
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醫生像在拷問犯人一樣,一條條問你:有沒有肝腎功能異常?有沒有心血管疾病、有沒有藥物過敏記錄?最後還會提醒你麻醉前要禁食八小時。為什麼?</div>
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這一切,都是醫護人員為了讓麻醉旅程安全、順利而做出的努力。<br />
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我們常以飛機的起降來比喻麻醉的幾個過程:「麻醉誘導期」在藥物的控制下違逆正常生理狀態進入深度沈睡、失去痛覺、知覺和意識 -好比機師操縱飛機,違反地心引力作用而顛簸地起飛升空。「麻醉維持期」醫師開始監控病人的生理狀態,調整劑量讓各項生理機能維持正常運作,既不能太深,又不能太淺讓手術無法進行,又要兼顧適當的止痛-就好像飛行員控制飛機飛在高空中,給旅客一趟平穩的旅程。最後的甦醒過程「麻醉恢復期」,如同飛機降落,從高空回到地面正常狀態,病人開始可以自主呼吸、可以因為感覺疼痛而保護自己。</div>
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我們知道飛機起飛、降落這兩個階段是旅程中最容易出事的時刻,麻醉最困難的地方也是在於剛開始醫師要根據病人的狀況來決定給什麼藥物、多少劑量,還有最後要讓病人安穩從夢境中醒來,安全著陸。飛行過程中,機師全神貫注操控著飛機,同樣地,整個麻醉期間,醫師也憑著他的專業守護著病人。</div>
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然而降低麻醉風險,倚賴的不只是醫師的專業判斷,更重要的是對病人身體狀態的了解。由於目前沒有一種完美的麻醉藥可以應付所有手術,而且所有的麻醉藥都具有危險性,如果使用不當,就會致命。唯有全盤掌握病患的身體狀態,才能預期手術中可能出現的情況,醫師這才能擬定最合適的麻醉計畫。手術的成敗、麻醉的品質,生命的安危就在轉瞬間,不能容許絲毫僥倖。</div>
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在動物來說,因為動物不能告訴醫生他哪裡不舒服、對什麼過敏,就算有異常反應可以觀察,大多數狀態主人也不能及時察覺,這時候我們就需要透過術前檢查(聽觸診、血檢、X光...等等),來取得動物不會跟我們說的秘密,比如肝腎機能,來了解身體代謝藥物的能力。</div>
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調查完我們神祕的病人之後,醫師開始在腦中為您的寵物沙盤推演各種情形,然後訂定專屬的麻醉計畫。透過精準操作這些藥品,一面維持平穩的生理狀態、一面進行手術,讓他們舒適、安全的起降。但老實說,在麻醉的殿堂裡,這也只是拿到入場券,即便以上的步驟都確實把關了,麻醉的風險仍然存在,即使是經驗豐富的醫師,也必須臣服於不可預知的突發狀況。麻醉,絕對不是睡一覺而已那麼簡單。</div>
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於是我們希望透過溝通,開始讓越來越多主人明白,一個成功的手術的背後,術前的充足評估,適當縝密的麻醉計畫、術中的生理監控、藥劑的掌控跟最後妥善的術後照護,絕對是最重要的功臣。身為醫師的我們願意在背後努力付出,維護動物的生命品質,可是更重要的是我們期待,可以和主人一起用專業跟嚴謹的態度,來呵護每一個生命,給予他們跟人類同等的醫療水準。<br />
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尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-25369530851668938612015-03-16T17:53:00.001+08:002015-09-20T15:18:15.355+08:00哪些事,打疫苗要特別注意?<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> 經過弱化、降低活力或不活化的病毒,在加入佐劑保存之後,製作成疫苗。當這些弱毒力或不活化的病毒經由注射進入動物皮下,緩慢釋放抗原與免疫細胞反應後,動物就可以得到抵抗這種病毒的能力。每一次的補強就是病毒和免疫細胞一次又一次的交戰,可以獲得更多的作戰情報,以後就算遇到正牌的病毒,也有足夠抵抗力應對。</span></div>
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既然疫苗這麼好用,是不是大家都該打?首先,不是說不常出門就可以不打,因為人類也會把病毒帶回家感染家中的寵物。但也不是每隻狗或貓都可以打。要特別注意的是,只有健康的動物才有足夠的兵力可以和這些疫苗作戰,如果你家的毛孩處於生病、抵抗力很差的狀態,或是剛變換環境(比如搬家、長途旅行、家裡出現了新的成員)這些讓毛孩壓力很大的狀況,就應該等情況好轉,或是他們適應了之後再施打。另外,出生未滿45天的小寶寶,不建議太早給疫苗,原因是這時候的血液裡還有來自媽媽的抗體,這時候給疫苗不能讓疫苗的效果好好發揮。妊娠期母犬母貓,或是哺乳中的媽媽們也先等一等,原因是疫苗注射後的反應還是有傷害胎兒的可能,應該等到哺乳之後再施打疫苗。</div>
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<u>總結一下哪些毛孩不能打疫苗:</u></div>
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<li> 身體不好、抵抗力差、生病中或是壓力很大的小孩</li>
<li> 出生未滿45天的超級小寶寶</li>
<li> 懷孕中或哺乳中的媽媽們</li>
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<u>順利打完疫苗之後幾個階段也請主人多留意:</u></div>
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<li><span style="color: #e69138;"><b><u>30分鐘內院內停留觀察</u></b>:有沒有立即性過敏、甚至休克反應</span> (尤其在打第二劑的時候)</li>
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</span>如果可以的話建議剛打完疫苗可以在醫院裡稍作等待、休息,看看寵物對疫苗的反應。有些過敏反應快的話在1小時內就會出現,可以看到他們變喘、眼瞼嘴唇水腫、嚴重甚至昏厥休克。此時如果可以在醫院即時處理,可以降低許多風險。<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span><br />
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<li><b style="color: #e69138;"><u>24小時內家中觀察</u></b><span style="color: #e69138;">:上述過敏反應</span></li>
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</span>在這一天中寵物的精神、食慾可能會變差,懶洋洋的只想睡覺休息,甚至發燒,其實就跟我們人感冒了一樣,體內開始激烈的免疫大戰,這些都是可以預期的,如果沒有特別嚴重,比如非常高燒,爸爸媽媽不需要太過緊張,多讓他們休息、給予充足飲水就可以了。<b><br /></b><br />
<ul><b>
<li><b><u><span style="color: #e69138;">一週內不洗澡、減少外出、避免緊迫</span></u></b></li>
</b></ul>
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</b>因為產生抗體約需要10天,這段時間裡免疫細胞還沒有準備好面對新一波戰鬥,一個禮拜少外出、避免與其他動物接觸或在不乾淨的地方活動,降低可能遇到的病原,給免疫細胞足夠的時間產生抵抗力。<br />
<ul>
<li><b><u><span style="color: #e69138;">一輩子:維持他們均衡飲食、適當運動及日照</span></u></b></li>
</ul>
最後,這是我們跟毛孩幸福的約定,一輩子都要做到。<br />
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( 撰文分享: 尼古拉動物醫院 洪醫師 ) </div>
尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-39409211854505230522015-03-16T08:56:00.000+08:002015-09-20T15:18:24.322+08:00毛小孩的營養大敵:佝僂症(Rickets)<div style="color: #141823; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 6px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">佝僂症(Rickets)</span></div>
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狗狗及貓咪因為無法自行合成維他命D,所以需仰賴食物的攝取來獲得這個必需的維他命。維他命D藉由小腸吸收後,會在肝臟及腎臟水解而成為活性維他命D3(Calcitriol)。</div>
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佝僂症一詞即是用來形容幼年犬隻的維他命D不足症。此病的特徵為新生骨和軟骨的鈣化不全以及骨骺端的肥大。<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMXnXnjSWyGY0EO4SrHtawK1qRWjnIa2jof85MZ8l144i3ggC6bSAbaI63Wa-l2k6omzwSS7UzKQgO9kAn4JG0x5NEgTvw8udtFXX4K5-rnmzqeKpM1bTpkIXcLGSZrqYxagotKjDAOX3s/s1600/10869789_383065751868332_7561795689817343659_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMXnXnjSWyGY0EO4SrHtawK1qRWjnIa2jof85MZ8l144i3ggC6bSAbaI63Wa-l2k6omzwSS7UzKQgO9kAn4JG0x5NEgTvw8udtFXX4K5-rnmzqeKpM1bTpkIXcLGSZrqYxagotKjDAOX3s/s1600/10869789_383065751868332_7561795689817343659_o.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><u>最常見引起維他命D不足症的原因為</u></b>:不均衡的飲食或內源性維他命D產物的異常。低磷的食物以及不正常的鈣磷比例,也是造成此病發生的原因。此外,若是早期(~3周齡)給予過多的鈣,即使維他命D的攝取量正常,也可能會引起佝僂症發生。這是因為給予過多的鈣質會造成高血鈣症,繼發低副甲狀腺症以及降低活性維他命D3的形成。</div>
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<b><u> 治療建議:</u></b></div>
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<ul>
<li>給予均衡的飼糧</li>
<li>適度的日照以及運動</li>
<li>必要時給維他命D口服或針劑補充</li>
</ul>
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尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3676066616337213939.post-34334275297252593572015-03-15T23:16:00.006+08:002015-09-20T15:18:35.335+08:00狗爸媽必備:狗孩子的人生保健<div style="text-align: center;">
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<b>毛孩成為家人的那一刻開始,我們互相陪伴走過人生每一個階段</b></div>
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<b>因為關心,所以絕不能輕忽每一次的健康保健</b></div>
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<li style="text-align: left;"><b><u>一歲以下幼犬</u></b></li>
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6週(1.5月):預防針-幼犬疫苗 </div>
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10週(2.5月):預防針-八合一預防針/十合一預防針</div>
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14週(3.5月):預防針-八合一預防針/十合一預防針+狂犬病</div>
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16週(4月):預防心絲蟲(每月)、預防外寄生蟲(每月)</div>
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萊姆病疫苗為建議之疫苗,若在有壁蝨活躍之處,則建議施打</div>
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<li><b><u>1歲-7歲青壯年犬</u></b></li>
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每年:預防針-八合一預防針/十合一預防針+狂犬病、抽血健康檢查</div>
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每月:預防心絲蟲、預防外寄生蟲</div>
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建議內寄生蟲驅蟲每半年至一年一次</div>
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<li><b><u>7歲以上中老年犬</u></b></li>
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每年:預防針-八合一預防針/十合一預防針+狂犬病</div>
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每半年:抽血健康檢查</div>
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每月:預防心絲蟲、預防外寄生蟲</div>
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建議內寄生蟲驅蟲每半年至一年一次</div>
尼古拉動物醫院http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962047947120189871noreply@blogger.com